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Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister when India achieved independence on 15th August 1947. He was born on 14th November 1889 at Allahabad (which is now known as Prayagraj). Because he shared a fond relationship with children his birthday is celebrated as ‘Children’s Day’ in India. This is also the reason why he was famously known as ‘Chacha Nehru’. He was the son of a famous barrister Motilal Nehru and his wife Swaroop Rani.
He went for his high school studies in London. He finished his graduation in Law from Trinity College, Cambridge, and practised law at Inner Temple in London. He came to India to fight for Indian Independence. Under the guidance of Mahatma Gandhi, he worked for independence with the Indian National Congress.
When he was in jail from 1942 to 1946 he wrote, ‘The Discovery of India’. His inaugural speech as the first Prime Minister of independent India, ‘Tryst with Destiny’, is widely popular. His vision established several prominent educational, technological, and medical institutions. His contributions to diverse fields such as industrial, agricultural, projects, and foreign policies put India in a respectable position on the world map.
Writings
Nehru was a prolific writer in English and produced several books, such as The Discovery of India, Glimpses of World History, and his autobiography, Toward Freedom.He had written 30 letters to his daughter Indira Gandhi when she was 10 years old and in a boarding school in Mussoorie, teaching her about natural history and the story of civilisations. The collection of these letters was later published as a book titled Letters from a Father to His Daughter.
Awards and honours
In 1948, Nehru was conferred an honorary doctorate by the University of Mysore. He later received honorary doctorates from the University of Madras, Columbia University, and Keio University
In 1955, Nehru was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.President Rajendra Prasad awarded him the honour without taking advice from the Prime Minister as would be the normal constitutional procedure as Nehru himself was Prime Minister then.
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A Tryst With Destiny
Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's Inaugural Address
14 August 1947
Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes when we shall redeem our pledge, not wholly or in full measure, but very substantially. At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom. A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance. It is fitting that at this solemn moment, we take the pledge of dedication to the service of India and her people and to the still larger cause of humanity. At the dawn of history, India started on her unending quest, and trackless centuries are filled with her striving and grandeur of her success and failures. Through good and ill fortune alike, she has never lost sight of that quest, forgotten the ideals which gave her strength. We end today a period of misfortunes and India discovers herself again.
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Jawaharlal Nehru’s iconic speech on the occasion of Gandhiji’s assassination on 30 January 1948
Friends and Comrades,
The light has gone out of our lives and there is darkness everywhere. I do not know what to tell you and how to say it. Our beloved leader, Bapu as we called him, the Father of the Nation, is no more. Perhaps I am wrong to say that. Nevertheless, we will never see him again as we have seen him for these many years. We will not run to him for advice and seek solace from him, and that is a terrible blow, not to me only, but to millions and millions in this country. And it is a little difficult to soften the blow by any other advice that I or anyone else can give you.
The light has gone out, I said, and yet I was wrong. For the light that shone in this country was no ordinary light. The light that has illumined this country for these many years will illumine this country for many more years, and a thousand years later, that light will be seen in this country and the world will see it and it will give solace to innumerable hearts. For that light represented something more than the immediate past, it represented the living, the eternal truths, reminding us of the right path, drawing us from error, taking this ancient country to freedom.
All this has happened when there was so much more for him to do. We could never think that he was unnecessary or that he had done his task. But now, particularly, when we are faced with so many difficulties, his not being with us is a blow most terrible to bear............
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